Assessment of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography in general population: a retrospective evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals (BMC) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Saudi population subset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, three hundred and forty-three CBCT scans (661 sides) were evaluated for the presence of BMC, involving 162 males and 181 females. Tomographic acquisitions were performed on the device Planmeca®. The image analysis was performed on the Planmeca Romexis® software, aided by image filters associated with transverse, oblique, and panoramic reconstruction cuts for analysis of the BMC. Naitoh's classification (2009) was employed to classify mandibular canals. The prevalence of BMC was determined according to location, gender, and age of participants. The data were analyzed with Chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests at a significance level of 95%. RESULTS: The BMC was observed in 37 (12.34%) out of 343 participants, of whom 20 (54.05%) were males and 17 (45.94%) were females. There was no significant difference in the proportion of bifid canals in both genders and various age groups. The most common BMC was the retromolar canal type, with 56.75% occurrence. The dental canal type was observed in 18.91% of BMC participants. The presence of a forward canal without confluence was observed in 16.21% of participants in the BMC, whereas a forward canal with confluence was noted in 8.10% of participants. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bifid mandibular canals (BMC) within a subset of the Saudi population was 12.3%. The retromolar canal was identified as the most frequently occurring type, accounting for 56.7% of cases. No significant variations in BMC prevalence were observed concerning age and gender. Consequently, it is strongly advised to conduct a thorough assessment of the mandibular canal and its potential variations using CBCT imaging before undertaking mandibular surgical procedures, in order to minimize the risk of complications.

Evaluation of oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and c-erbB-2 in carcinoma of the breast in Trinidadian women.

One hundred and three consecutive cases of breast cancer in Trinidadian women were evaluated for steroid receptor status and c-erbB-2 receptor along with conventional parameters including age, ethnicity, tumour size, histological type and grade, and lymph node status: The molecular markers were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin sections. Tumour size > 2 cm was seen in 60% of the cases. Oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and c-erbB-2 showed 54%, 46% and 63% positivity, respectively. There was no correlation between c-erbB-2 and steroid receptors. Forty-one per cent of cases showed double negativity for steroid receptors (ER-/PR-). No correlation was found between the markers and conventional parameters except for a negative correlation with the tumour grade. The high percentage of c-erbB-2 positivity and the high proportion of steroid receptor negativity suggest a need for studies on adjuvant therapy. Integration of selected markers with conventional parameters could help define subgroups for treatment and prognosis.

Evaluation of Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptors and c-erbB-2 in Carcinoma of the breast in Trinidadian Women

One hundred and three consecutive cases of breast cancer in Trinidadian women were evaluated for steriod receptor status and c-erB-2 receptor along with conventional parameters including age, ethnicity, tumour size, histological type and grade, and lymph node status: The molecular markers were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin sections. Tumour size > 2 cm was seen in 60 percent of the cases. Oestrogen receptor (ER), progestrone receptor (PR) and c-erbB-2 showed 54 percent, 46 percent, and 63 percent positivity, respectively. There was no correlation between c-erbB-2 and steroid receptors. Forty-one percent of cases showed double negativity for steriod receptors (ER-/PR-). No correlation was found between the markers and conventional parameters except for a negative correlation with the tumour grade. The high percentage of c-erbB-2 positivity and the high propotion of steriod receptor negativity suggest a need for studies on adjuvant therapy. Integration of selected markers with conventional parameters could help define sub-groups for treatment and pragnosis (AU)

Evaluation of oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and c-erbB-2 in carcinoma of the breast in Trinidadian women

One hundred and three consecutive cases of breast cancer in Trinidadian women were evaluated for steroid receptor status and c-erbB-2 receptor along with conventional parameters including age, ethnicity, tumour size, histological type and grade, and lymph node status: The molecular markers were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin sections. Tumour size > 2 cm was seen in 60 of the cases. Oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and c-erbB-2 showed 54, 46 and 63 positivity, respectively. There was no correlation between c-erbB-2 and steroid receptors. Forty-one per cent of cases showed double negativity for steroid receptors (ER-/PR-). No correlation was found between the markers and conventional parameters except for a negative correlation with the tumour grade. The high percentage of c-erbB-2 positivity and the high proportion of steroid receptor negativity suggest a need for studies on adjuvant therapy. Integration of selected markers with conventional parameters could help define subgroups for treatment and prognosis.

Evaluation of oestrogen, progesterone receptors and c-erb-B2 in carcinoma of the breast in Trinidadian women [abstract]

One hundred and three consecutive cases of breast cancer in Trinidadian women were evaluated for steroid receptor status and c-erb-B2 receptor along with clinicopathological data including age, race, tumour size, histological type and grade and lymph node status. The molecular markers were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on parrafin sections. Tumour size of > 2cm was seen in 60 percent of the cases. Oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and c-erb-B2 showed 54 percent, 46 percent and 63 percent positivity, respectively. There was no correlation between c-erb-B2 and steroid receptors. Forty-one percent (41 percent) of cases showed double negativity for steroid receptors (ER-/PR-). No correlation was found between the markers and clinicopathological data except for negative correlation with the tumour grade. The high percentage of c-erb-B2 positivity and the high proportion of steroid receptor negativity suggest a need for studies on adjuvant therapy. Integration of selected markers with conventional parameters could help define subgroups for treatment and prognosis. (AU)

Spinal epidural malignant lymphoma presenting with spinal cord compression.

Malignant lymphoma initially presenting with symptoms and signs of spinal cord compression are a rare occurrence. We present 20 cases of spinal epidural lymphoma first diagnosed on laminectomy biopsy specimens with a review of clinical data and histology, as well as an immunohistochemical study to determine the immunophenotype of these lymphomas. Eighteen cases were typed as B cell lymphomas, 2 as T cell lymphomas.